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Scoliosis

Home > Scoliosis

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, often resembling an “S” or “C” shape. It can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed during adolescence.

There are several types of scoliosis, including idiopathic, congenital, and neuromuscular scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form, accounting for around 80% of cases, and its cause is unknown. Congenital Scoliosis is present at birth and results from vertebral malformations that occur during fetal development. Neuromuscular Scoliosis occurs due to underlying conditions that affect the nerves and muscles, such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injuries. In addition, Degenerative Scoliosis can occur in older adults due to age-related changes in the spine, including osteoporosis and arthritis.

Symptoms of Scoliosis

  • Uneven shoulders or waist.
  • One hip higher than the other.
  • Visible spinal curvature.
  • Back pain or stiffness (in severe cases).
  • Difficulty breathing (if the curve compresses the lungs).
  • Idiopathic Scoliosis: The most common type, with no known cause, typically occurring during growth spurts in adolescents
  • Congenital Scoliosis: Caused by malformations of the spine that occur during fetal development.
  • Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Associated with conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, affecting muscle control and strength.
  • Degenerative Scoliosis: Occurs in adults due to age-related changes in the spine, such as arthritis

Causes of Scoliosis

  1. Idiopathic Scoliosis:

    • No known cause; accounts for 80% of cases.

  2. Congenital Scoliosis:

    • Caused by spinal malformation during fetal development.

  3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis:

    • Associated with conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

  4. Degenerative Scoliosis:

    • Develops later in life due to wear and tear on the spine.

Treatment Options

  1. Non-Surgical Treatments:

    • Bracing: Prevents curve progression in growing children.
    • Physical Therapy: Strengthens core muscles for better spinal support.
    • Pain Management: Medications and exercises to relieve discomfort.

  2. Surgical Treatments:

    • Spinal Fusion Surgery: Aligns and stabilizes the spine using rods and screws.
    • Minimally Invasive Surgery: Reduces recovery time with smaller incisions.

When to Seek Treatment?

  • If the curve exceeds 25 degrees in adolescents or 50 degrees in adults.
  • Persistent pain or discomfort.
  • Signs of rapid progression.
  • Physical Examination: Checking for visible signs of curvature and asymmetry in the back.
  • Imaging Tests: X-rays are commonly used to measure the degree of curvature and assess the spine's alignment.

Living with Scoliosis

  • Regular check-ups for monitoring.
  • Exercises like yoga or swimming for flexibility.
  • Support groups for emotional well-being.
  • Observation: For mild cases, regular monitoring may be sufficient
  • Bracing: In growing children and adolescents, wearing a brace may help prevent further curvature
  • Physical Therapy: Exercises may be recommended to improve posture and strengthen back muscles.
  • Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention (such as spinal fusion) may be necessary to correct the curvature and stabilize the spine.

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